Minister Han Changfu meets Canadian counterpart

Minister Han Changfu met with Mr. Lawrence MacAulay, Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, in Beijing on Nov. 3, 2016. The two sides exchanged views on furthering agricultural cooperation between China and Canada.

After the meeting, the two ministers witnessed the signing of MoU on beef cattle cooperation between China Agricultural University and the Canadian Beef Breeds Council.

勃林格殷格翰副总裁Stephan Lange采访原稿——Steven McOrist 教授倾情奉献

勃林格殷格翰副总裁Stephan Lange采访原稿——Steven McOrist 教授倾情奉献

Milk price surges to highest point in 2 years (4)

Milk price surges to highest point in 2 years

Economists went back to the drawing board to revise up their farmgate milk price forecasts after wholemilk powder prices hit their highest point in just over two years at this morning's GlolbalDairyTrade (GDT) auction.

The GDT price index jumped by 11.4 per cent but the price of whole milk powder - which has the greatest influence over Fonterra's farmgate milk price - shot up by a much stronger than expected 20 per cent to US$3317/tonne.

Westpac revised up its farm gate milk price this season to $5.80 a kg from a previous forecast of $5.30 and ANZ said there were "upside risks" to forecasts into the low $6.00/kg mark.

ANZ said there appeared to be an element of buyers scrambling to meet near-term demand against a backdrop of reduced local supply, which has been curtailed by a wet and colder than normal spring.

"The key question now is whether or not gains can be maintained, especially with the possibility of warmer temperatures seeing improved North Island pasture growth," ANZ said in a commentary.

"Even so, farmers will no doubt welcome the move and it certainly suggests upside risks to milk price forecasts, perhaps into the low NZ$6 mark per kg of milk solids," ANZ said. ASB Bank and Rabobank have predicted a $6.00 milk price, compared with Fonterra's forecast of $5.25/kg.

After several auctions, when prices remained broadly stable, markets seem to have reacted strongly to Fonterra's revised production estimates for the 2016/17 season, Westpac senior economist Anne Boniface said.

In particular, Chinese bidders were notably more active in the latest auction, crowding out buyers from other regions, she said. "This suggests a genuine concern about being left short of stock is helping drive prices higher," she said.

Fonterra has been drawing attention to the poor October milk flows in parts of the upper North Island. The catalyst for the downward revisions to local production has been too much rain during October in key dairying regions including the Waikato, Northland and Bay of Plenty.

Consequently, Fonterra is now expecting to collect seven per cent less milk this season than last.

ASB rural economist Nathan Penny, who has long forecast a $6.00/kg milk price, said the lift in prices on the basis of rapidly falling production was just a matter of time.

"The 'big wet' has also sped up the dairy price correction, meaning we are ahead of where we thought prices would be at this stage of the season," he said. "In fact, prices have both lifted earlier and higher than we anticipated," he said.

As a result, if New Zealand production is indeed as weak as we anticipate, then prices are likely to stabilise at current levels, if not lift further, he said.

"In this respect, we see an increasing probability that this season's milk price lifts above our current $6.00/kg forecast," Penny said. 

Source：http://mobile.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.php?c_id=3&objectid=11740593

Grocery Wars: Alibaba and JD.com Compete Against Supermarkets, Corner Stores

'There will absolutely be a war' as e-commerce rivals seek growth in sales of everyday household and grocery items

(Beijing) — For China's 720 million Internet users, websites run by the country's two biggest e-commerce companies, Alibaba Group and JD.com, have increasingly become the preferred shopping destinations. From trendy clothing and exquisite accessories to household appliances and the latest tech gadgets, a mouse click can get them almost anything.

Now the e-commerce behemoths are going after everyday indispensables — groceries and household items. Over the past few months, both have poured hundreds of millions of yuan into a price war aimed at dragging shoppers away from supermarkets and corner stores. Amazon.com Inc., Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and other online retailing giants are blazing a similar trail in the U.S.

As JD.com and Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. approach their respective ceilings for growth in sales of other goods, groceries will become the next battleground, said Xu Xin, CEO of the venture capital firm Capital Today, which invested in JD.com. Conquering the market for fresh food and other grocery items may eventually enable e-commerce companies to take control of as much as half of China's total market for consumer goods sales as Alibaba Chairman Jack Ma expected, Xu said.

In a 2015 letter to shareholders, Ma predicted that 'over 50% of China's consumption will be conducted online within 10 years.'

To reach that goal, 'there will absolutely be a war between Alibaba and JD.com,' said Cheng Shaoxiong, North China chief for the supermarket division of Tmall, Alibaba's business-to-consumer site. He said online grocery sales are the last frontier for e-commerce companies.

Online retail is flourishing in China thanks to the country's highly efficient and low-cost courier industry. In 2015, online purchases accounted for 10.8% of China's 30 trillion yuan ($4.4 trillion) in retail sales, a 32% increase over the previous year, according to the National Statistics Bureau. For fast-moving consumer goods, including toiletries, soft drinks and fresh food, nearly 20% of the purchases were made online.

By 2020, online sales of fast-moving consumer goods will grow at a much faster pace than apparel and electronics to expand fivefold from today and reach 1.2 trillion yuan, according to Yihaodian, one of China's earliest online grocery sites.

Fresh food and grocery items with quick turnover and higher profit margins have long been the competitive strength of large supermarket chains such as Wal-Mart and Yonghui Superstores. For e-commerce companies, moving into the sector requires heavy investments in logistics, warehousing and distribution capabilities.

Alibaba and JD.com have made tit-for-tat moves to get footholds in the blossoming online grocery market. On Oct. 19, Alibaba and smaller rival Suning Commerce Group Co. said they have established a new e-commerce joint venture with an investment of 1 billion yuan to manage Suning-owned stores on Alibaba sites. The venture is expected to combine the strengths of both companies. It is also a step forward for a partnership formed last year when Alibaba became Suning's second-largest shareholder through an equity swap.

The next day, JD.com stepped up its partnership with Wal-Mart. It opened Wal-Mart-branded stores on JD.com, using its huge logistics network to offer fast delivery for Wal-Mart in some cities. Wal-Mart also invested $50 million in the JD.com-backed online grocery specialist New Dada. JD.com and Wal-Mart had formed a strategic alliance in June when Wal-Mart sold its China online grocery store, Yihaodian, to JD.com.

Alibaba is the unrivaled titan in China's online retail market. In the fiscal year ended in March, the company's combined sales from its business-to-consumer site Tmall, consumer-to-consumer site Taobao and group-buying service Juhuasuan totaled 2.95 trillion yuan. That dwarfed JD.com's sales of 462.7 billion yuan, generated mainly from business-to-consumer transactions.

But JD.com is expanding at a faster pace. In the quarter between March and June, JD.com's gross merchandise volume, a measurement of total sales value, grew 47% from March to June a year earlier. Alibaba's rose 24%.

'JD.com is coming within shooting range of Alibaba,' said a source close to Alibaba's top management. Since the beginning of this year, Alibaba has set detailed monthly targets to counter JD.com, this individual said.

Despite their healthy sales growth, both companies face the same challenge — a slower expansion of users after years of explosive growth. Alibaba had 423 million active users while JD.com has 188 million, according to company documents.

Testing the Waters

Alibaba tested the supermarket waters in 2012 by launching Tmall grocery services in Shanghai and Hangzhou. But the 'business proved to be very difficult due to high logistics costs,' said a former Yihaodian manager who decline to be identified.

It was not until July 2015 that the grocery business was listed as one of Alibaba's four pillars of online retailing, along with Taobao, Tmall and Juhuasuan. That year, Alibaba spent 1 billion yuan in Beijing alone to subsidize grocery vendors and shoppers. Between 2012 and 2015, Alibaba made heavy investments in logistics and warehouse facilities, enabling it to engage in fresh produce sales, according to a staff member at Tmall.

JD.com quickly set up its own online supermarket division in October 2015. According to company financial reports, in the first quarter this year, JD.com's grocery sales rose 70% from the previous year, while Alibaba's supermarket sales grew 220%.

The expansion into groceries by the two e-commerce giants crushed smaller players. Wal-Mart-backed Yihaodian's market share in the country's e-commerce market shrank to less than 0.3% in 2015 from 2.6% in 2013, according to the e-commerce research website 100ec.cn. In the first quarter this year, the site barely recorded any growth from a year earlier.

That prompted Wal-Mart's sale of Yihaodian to JD.com in June in exchange for JD.com equity worth about $1.5 billion. The strategic alliance with Wal-Mart is expected to give JD.com shoppers wider access to imported Wal-Mart products and provide more ammunition for JD.com's battle with Alibaba.

After the deal, JD.com announced a 1 billion yuan investment in Yihaodian over the next three months and an ambitious goal of developing JD.com as the largest grocery retailer in three years, according to JD.com Vice President Feng Yi.

libaba quickly promised 2 billion yuan in subsidies for shoppers on its Tmall Supermarket site and 2 billion yuan of new investments to improve logistics and the supply chain.

The price war has escalated since September as Tmall Supermarket poured 180 million yuan into discounts for grocery shoppers Sept. 1-9. At the same time, JD.com offered 50% discounts on grocery items.

Some experts have questioned the price-war strategy.

'The gross profit margin of grocery items is less than 20%,' said Li Chengdong, an independent e-commerce analyst. Offering such big discounts 'is like burning money.'

A source close to Tmall Supermarket said Alibaba can afford the discounting because of the umbrella group's profitability.

But concerns over heavy spending are greater for JD.com, which has yet to make a profit after 12 years in business. In June, JD.com's share price on the New York Stock Exchange slumped to a historical low since its September 2014 listing. An APS Asset Management report had called money-losing JD.com 'wildly overpriced.' The stock revived in August after the second-quarter financial report indicated a narrowing loss.

Last year, JD.com lost $1.4 billion, while Alibaba recorded a net profit of $11.1 billion.

Reshaping Business

After more than a decade, Alibaba and JD.com have developed distinct identities in online retailing. Alibaba's Tmall and Taobao are the must-go places for many apparel shoppers because of their selection, offered by millions of vendors. JD.com has won more shoppers seeking branded electronic products. Alibaba has been focusing on operating platforms for numerous vendors and shoppers, while JD.com mainly sticks to direct sales backed by its highly effective, self-operated logistics network.

But as the grocery war unfolds, both companies have sought to fine-tune their respective strategies and gradually move in each other's direction. JD.com's Feng said the company's supermarket division aims to challenge Alibaba's strengths in cosmetics and apparel by expanding product variety.

Meanwhile, Alibaba recently said it sees growth potential in home appliance and cellphone sales. The company has actively expanded using its logistics division Cainiao, which now operates more than 128 warehouses across the country.

Backed by Cainiao's delivery capacity, Tmall Supermarket has adopted a JD.com-style direct-sales model, offering fresh produce sent directly from its own warehouse, rather than a third-party supplier. At the same time, JD.com has been gradually changing its business structure by inviting more third-party vendors onto its platform. According to company data, third-party vendors accounted for 45% of JD.com's gross sales in the third quarter, up from 40% a year ago.

As the two companies' strategies converge, both may increasingly face the same challenges, experts said. For instance, JD.com's standardized customer services have long been blamed for a lack of interaction with shoppers, failing to lure users to surf among its product catalogue as they usually do in Taobao and Tmall. At the same time, the huge number of vendors on Alibaba's platforms has made controlling counterfeit or substandard products a longstanding headache.

The e-commerce giants' efforts to reshape their businesses echoed Alibaba Chairman Ma's call for e-commerce companies to adapt a radical change in the global retail industry as the boundary between online and offline sales becomes increasingly blurred.

'In the coming years, we anticipate the birth of a reimagined retail industry driven by the integration of online, offline, logistics and data across a single value chain,' Ma wrote to Alibaba shareholders in a letter last week. 'With e-commerce itself rapidly becoming a 'traditional business,' pure e-commerce players will soon face tremendous challenges. This is why we are adapting.'

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AARTD 粉红的一天 Team Building: Pink & Red

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China-Australia free trade agreement

Factsheet: Agriculture and Processed Food
China is Australia’s largest agriculture, forestry and fisheries export market, worth $8 billion in 2014, up from $5 billion in 2010.
China’s demand for high-quality agriculture and food products is growing rapidly. The Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) predicts that China will account for 43 per cent of global growth in agricultural demand by 2050.
Until now, the absence of a bilateral FTA with China has meant Australian producers and exporters have faced significant tariffs on agricultural products and have been at a competitive disadvantage to countries that have an FTA with China – including New Zealand, Chile and ASEAN. The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) addresses this issue, and also gives Australia a significant advantage over larger players, such as the US, EU and Canada.
ChAFTA will also provide a base for further liberalisation through a commitment to review outcomes three years after entry into force.

Key Outcomes
Beef
China’s demand for high-quality beef is growing rapidly, driven by a growing middle class. The OECD assesses that beef will be the fastest-growing import sector in China.
In 2014 Australian beef exports to China totalled 128,000 tonnes, worth $655 million.
Australia – already China’s dominant supplier with 50 per cent of the import market and with an outstanding reputation for quality – will be ideally placed to capitalise on this growing demand, with ChAFTA delivering a real competitive advantage over other large beef exporters.
Key outcomes include:
 Elimination of tariffs on beef imports (currently ranging from 12-25 per cent) within 9 years.
 Elimination of the 12 per cent tariff on beef offal within 4-7 years.
China has retained the right to apply a discretionary safeguard on beef (not including offal) if imports exceed a set annual “safeguard” trigger volume. The trigger starts at 170,000 tonnes – 10 per cent above Australia’s historic calendar year peak export levels to China – and grows over time. There is also a set review process to consider removal of the safeguard.

Dairy
China is Australia’s second largest market for dairy exports. This market is expanding rapidly with exports worth $347 million in 2014. Australia’s main competitors are New Zealand, the EU and the US. Currently, New Zealand’s dairy produce receives a considerable tariff advantage under its bilateral FTA with China.
ChAFTA will progressively close this gap; tariffs will be progressively eliminated across all dairy products.
Crucially, New Zealand’s FTA with China contains restrictive safeguard measures on a wide range of dairy products, including liquid milk, cheese, butter and all milk powders (where China raises the tariff back to the higher normal rate when New Zealand exports exceed a certain volume). By contrast, under ChAFTA, Australia will only face a discretionary safeguard on whole milk powders, with the safeguard trigger volume set well above current trade levels and indexed to grow annually. For all other dairy products, Australia will receive unlimited preferential access.
Key outcomes under ChAFTA include:
 Elimination of the 15 per cent tariff on infant formula within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 10 – 19 per cent tariff on ice cream, lactose, casein and milk albumins within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 15 per cent tariff on liquid milk within 9 years.
 Elimination of the 10 to 15 per cent tariff on cheese, butter and yogurt within 9 years.
 Elimination of the 10 per cent tariff on milk powders within 11 years.

Sheep and goat meat
China’s demand for sheepmeat is also growing rapidly. In 2014, total Chinese imports of sheepmeat reached 281,000 tonnes, up from 124,000 tonnes in 2012. New Zealand has traditionally been China’s largest supplier and enjoys a competitive advantage over Australian exporters due to its FTA. New Zealand lamb now only faces tariffs ranging from 2.7 – 5.1 per cent and will be duty-free by 2016.
In 2014, Australian exports to China were worth $425 million (108,000 tonnes), up 10 per cent on 2013 exports at $385 million. China is already Australia’s second-most important sheepmeat export destination, despite China imposing tariffs ranging from 12 – 23 per cent.
With the progressive elimination of tariffs on sheepmeat, ChAFTA positions Australian farmers to further build trade and increase profitability.

Key outcomes include:
 Elimination of the tariffs on sheepmeat (currently ranging from 12 to 23 per cent) within 8 years.
 Elimination of the 18 per cent tariff on frozen sheepmeat offal within 7 years
 Elimination of the 20 per cent tariff on goat meat within 8 years.

Wool
China accounts for 70 per cent of Australia’s wool exports. Australia is China’s largest source of imported wool, with a 63 per cent market share, ahead of New Zealand (14 per cent).
China already provides virtually duty-free access on wool, under a large WTO tariff rate quota of 287,000 tonnes. Tariffs within this quota are set at just 1 per cent. While China has the right to impose a 38 per cent tariff outside the quota, traditionally it has not done this as wool is an important input into domestic manufacturing.
Under ChAFTA, in addition to the existing WTO quota, Australia will receive an exclusive duty-free Country Specific Quota of 30,000 tonnes clean wool (approximately 43,000 tonnes greasy wool). This volume will grow by 5 per cent each year to almost 45,000 tonnes clean (approximately 64,300 tonnes greasy) by 2024, all at duty-free rates. This is the best outcome China has provided in any of its FTAs to date.

Pork
Tariffs of up to 20 per cent on pork eliminated within 4 years.
Hides, skins and leather
Hides and skins are a crucial agricultural export to China worth $910 million in 2014. This is more than ten times our next largest market (Italy). Currently hides and skins face tariffs of 5 to 14 per cent.
Under ChAFTA, all tariffs on hides, skins and leather will be eliminated. Key outcomes include:
 Elimination of the 7 per cent tariff on sheep skins over 4 years – exports worth $342 million in 2014.
 Elimination of the 5 to 8.4 per cent tariffs on cow hides and skins between 2 and 7 years – imports worth around $518 million.
 Elimination of the 9 per cent tariff on kangaroo hides and skins and the 14 per cent tariff on kangaroo leather over 4 years.
 Elimination of tariffs between 5 and 14 per cent on a range of other leather products either on day one of the Agreement or over 4 years.

Wine and spirits
China’s wine import market is growing dramatically, almost doubling in size since 2010 to be worth over $1.7 billion in 2014.
China is Australia’s third-largest export market for wine, worth $211 million in 2014. However, Australia competes with New Zealand and Chile, both of which have preferential wine access under their FTAs with China. China’s wine imports from Chile have increased almost seven-fold since its FTA with China entered into force in 2006.
 Under ChAFTA, tariffs of 14 to 20 per cent on Australian wine imports will be eliminated within 4 years
 Tariffs of up to 65 per cent on other alcoholic beverages and spirits will be eliminated within 4 years.

Horticulture
China is a rapidly growing market for Australian horticultural products, with exports worth $56 million in 2014 – up from $13 million in 2010. However, China applies some of its highest tariffs on horticultural products.
Under ChAFTA, all tariffs on horticultural products will be progressively eliminated. Key outcomes include:
 Elimination of the 10 to 25 per cent tariff on macadamia nuts, almonds, walnuts, pistachios and all other nuts within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 11 to 30 per cent tariff on oranges, mandarins, lemons and all other citrus fruits within 8 years.
 Elimination of the 10 to 30 per cent tariff on all other fruit within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 10 to 13 per cent tariff on all fresh vegetables within 4 years.
Separate to the FTA negotiations, Australia already enjoys quarantine access protocols for export into China for many horticultural products, and will be able to take immediate advantage of tariff reductions for a range of products including citrus, grapes, almonds, macadamias, mangoes and some cherries.
There are no changes to Australia’s domestic science and risk-based quarantine measures as a result of ChAFTA.
ChAFTA facilitates customs processing of perishable goods, including horticulture products.

Barley, sorghum and other grains
Australia’s trade to China in barley and sorghum is significant and growing rapidly. In 2014, barley exports were worth more than $1 billion, up more than 330 per cent since 2010, while sorghum exports were worth $264 million. Key outcomes under ChAFTA include:
 Immediate elimination of the 3 per cent tariff on barley and 2 per cent tariff on sorghum.
 Elimination over 4 years of the 15 per cent tariff on cotton seeds – exports worth $21 million in 2014.
 Elimination of the 10 per cent tariff on malt and wheat gluten within 4 years.
 Immediate elimination of the 2 per cent tariff on oats, buckwheat, millet and quinoa.
 Elimination of tariffs of up to 7 per cent on pulses within 4 years.

Seafood
Australian seafood exports to China totalled $35 million in 2014. Australian abalone and rock lobster are the leading Australian premium seafood exports to China, with exports worth $15 million and $2 million, respectively, in 2014. Tariffs on all Australian seafood exports will be eliminated progressively over 4 years.
ChAFTA will create a huge opportunity for Australian seafood in the Chinese market. Since the China – New Zealand Free Trade Agreement came into force, China’s imports of seafood from New Zealand have quadrupled (to $402 million). Key outcomes under ChAFTA include:
 Elimination of the 10-14 per cent tariff on abalone within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 15 per cent tariff on rock lobster within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 12 per cent tariff on southern bluefin tuna, salmon, trout and swordfish within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 14 per cent tariff on crabs, oysters, scallops and mussels within 4 years.
 Elimination of the up-to-8 per cent tariffs on prawns within 4 years.

Processed foods
Changing consumption habits and Australia’s reputation for high-quality produce also provide great opportunities in the processed food sector. Key outcomes under ChAFTA include:
 Elimination of the 7.5 to 30 per cent tariff on orange juice within 7 years, and elimination of tariffs of up to 30 per cent on other fruit juices within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 15 per cent tariff on natural honey, and the up-to-25 per cent tariff on honey-related products, within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 15 per cent tariff on pasta within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 8 to 10 per cent tariff on chocolate within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 15 to 25 per cent tariff on canned tomatoes, peaches, pears and apricots within 4 years.
 Elimination of the 15 to 20 per cent tariff on biscuits and cakes within 4 years.

Live animals
China is Australia’s second largest market for live animals, worth $254 million in 2014. It is an important and growing market, with exports doubling from $117 million in 2010. Pure-bred cattle currently dominate Australia’s live animal exports to China, worth $206 million in 2014. Key outcomes under ChAFTA include:
 Elimination of all tariffs on live animal exports within four years, including the 10 per cent tariff on live cattle (pure-bred breeding cattle already enter China duty free).

China’s WTO quotas and related products

Under China’s WTO accession protocol, China applies quotas on imports of rice, wheat, maize, sugar and vegetable oils. These are open to all WTO members, including Australia. In-quota tariffs are set at only 1 per cent for wool, rice, wheat, cotton and maize; 8 to 10 per cent for vegetable oils and related products and 15 per cent for sugar. Imports of vegetable oils are no longer administered through a quota.
Australia’s exports of these products enter China under existing WTO arrangements. Arguing that these products are key staples and already enjoy virtually duty-free access, China has not further liberalised these products in any of its FTAs to date. Accordingly, China has not provided preferential access to Australia under ChAFTA.
However China has agreed to a built-in review process three years after the Agreement enters into force, including on market access.

China’s products into Australia
Consistent with all of Australia’s FTAs, Australia will eliminate remaining tariffs on agricultural and processed food imports from China. To allow adjustment by domestic industry, the elimination of some of these tariffs, in particular on a range of canned fruit products and peanuts, will be phased in over 3 years.

China-Australia Free Trade Agreement to enter into force